Supported Versions: PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8
                                                    Return part of a string
                                                                <?php substr(string $string, int $offset, ?int $length = null): string
    <?php         $key = $this->app['config']['app.key'];
        if (str_starts_with($key, 'base64:')) {
            $key = base64_decode(substr($key, 7));
        }
        $connection = $config['connection'] ?? null;
    <?php                 return $this->emptyPayload();
            }
            $expire = substr($contents, 0, 10);
        } catch (Exception) {
            return $this->emptyPayload();
        }
    <?php         }
        try {
            $data = unserialize(substr($contents, 10));
        } catch (Exception) {
            $this->forget($key);
    <?php     public static function remove($cookieValue)
    {
        return substr($cookieValue, 41);
    }
    <?php         if (! is_null($columns)) {
            foreach ($columns as $column) {
                if (($position = strripos($column, ' as ')) !== false) {
                    $original = substr($column, 0, $position);
                    $alias = substr($column, $position + 4);
    <?php                 if (($position = strripos($column, ' as ')) !== false) {
                    $original = substr($column, 0, $position);
                    $alias = substr($column, $position + 4);
                    if ($parameter === $alias || $builder->getGrammar()->wrap($parameter) === $alias) {
                        return $original;
    <?php         $prefix = $connection->getTablePrefix();
        return str_starts_with($table, $prefix)
            ? substr($table, strlen($prefix))
            : $table;
    }
}
    <?php     protected function guessModelName($name)
    {
        if (str_ends_with($name, 'Factory')) {
            $name = substr($name, 0, -7);
        }
        $modelName = $this->qualifyModel(Str::after($name, $this->rootNamespace()));
    <?php         foreach ($this->eagerLoad as $name => $constraints) {
            if ($this->isNestedUnder($relation, $name)) {
                $nested[substr($name, strlen($relation.'.'))] = $constraints;
            }
        }
    <?php             if (str_starts_with($key, 'pivot_')) {
                $values[substr($key, 6)] = $value;
                unset($model->$key);
            }
    <?php     public function dynamicWhere($method, $parameters)
    {
        $finder = substr($method, 5);
        $segments = preg_split(
            '/(And|Or)(?=[A-Z])/', $finder, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE
    <?php     {
        return array_map(function ($column) {
            return is_string($column) && ($aliasPosition = stripos($column, ' as ')) !== false
                    ? substr($column, 0, $aliasPosition) : $column;
        }, $columns);
    }
    <?php         $offset = $where['query'] instanceof JoinClause ? 3 : 6;
        return '('.substr($this->compileWheres($where['query']), $offset).')';
    }
    <?php     protected function compileNestedHavings($having)
    {
        return '('.substr($this->compileHavings($having['query']), 7).')';
    }
    <?php             return chmod($path, $mode);
        }
        return substr(sprintf('%o', fileperms($path)), -4);
    }